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What is a computer definition?
The post is about What is computer definition. People used to calculate with their fingers, oysters, pebbles, rope knots, etc. Due to the change in human thinking over time, today’s the computer is the product of research and invention.
Actually, a computer is a kind of calculating device. It was the first computer made in China called Abacus as a computing device. Since then, along with the evolution of time, the computer has undergone extensive changes.
What is computer definition
In Addition, Charles Babbage, a British mathematician, designed modern computers. He planned to build a mechanical computer called Analytical Engine in 1833. He plans to hold the memory through this device. But due to its economic crisis, it was not possible to complete it. But he was called the father of modern computers. Because modern computers were invented based on his plans.
Colossus Computer is the result of the tireless work of researchers like Tommy Flowers and Allen Taring. Which was the first computer built-in in 1943. It is the first fully electric computer to be made with a vacuum tube.
On the other hand, a rapid calculator is needed to measure the range of US missile missiles over the Atlantic – Ocean. The goal is to change the angle for launching a missile depending on the distance of the garment. And it is necessary to make a table of the relation of angles with their distances.
After Ballistic Research Lab in Maryland was founded in 1943 by Professor John Mosley of the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania and his engineer J. Presper hired Eckert to do the job. The ENIAC computer was born from this project. ENIAC = Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator.
Construction of this ENIAC computer was completed in November 1945. Weighing in at 30 tons, the ENIAC computer was capable of adding 5,000, 357 times per second. This computer would take up 1 thousand square feet of space. And to run it would require 120 to 140 kilowatts of electricity.
Which was expensive. Then in 1944, four engineers built a fully automated digital computer called the Mark-1. The computer was 51 feet long and 6 feet high. In 1948, Professor Marich Wilkis of the University of Cambridge created the EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic), an automated electronic digital computer.
The Remington Company then developed a computer called Univac-1. It was first made on a commercial basis. This computer uses a crystal diode switch and a vacuum tube circuit. This computer could simultaneously read, calculate and write information. Computers began to shrink in size after transistors were discovered. It tends to get smaller when OH is used.
The biggest revolution in computers came after the invention of the microprocessor. In 1961, the American company Intel invented the first microprocessor. The invention of the microprocessor gave the computer the shape of a box. In addition, the speed of work also increases a lot.
Micropores with a capacity of more than 3.0 GHz are available in the current market. Computers with high-speed processors make it easy to access high-speed internet and networks.
Generation of computer : What is computer definition of Computer Generation
Since the invention of the computer, its size has changed day by day, and the progress of work and technological advancement have changed. This step of change is called computer generation. Its construction serves as a framework for the development of its industrial order. Computers in today’s state have gone through many stages of evolution.
These technological advances have gradually improved computer technology. From one generation to the next, a new generation of computers has come up with new features, including solutions to various problems. However, despite the changes, the previous method has remained the same.
The following is a detailed discussion of the different generations of computers.
1. First-generation computers : What is a computer definition
First generation computers were made with thousands of capacitors, diode bulbs, resistance, vacuum tubes, etc. As a result, in the first generation, computers were much larger in size. These computers were so large that they would take up space in a few rooms. Which is currently unimaginable. And if those first-generation computers were turned on, it would be very hot while running. Due to this, it was cooled with cold water for fear of burning.
Running this computer would have cost a lot of electricity. But working capacity was limited. It also had a lower valve working capacity and a shorter lifespan. Due to this, it was very costly. The first fully electronic digital computer built in 1943 was the ENIAC computer.
ENIAC = ( Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator ). The computer was created by Professor John Mosley of the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania and his engineer J. Presper Eckert.
Work began in 1943 and ended in 1945. Speed calculators are needed to measure the range of US Armed Forces missiles over the Atlantic Ocean. The goal is to change the angle for launching a missile depending on the distance of the garment. And it is necessary to make a table of the relation of angles with their distances.
The first computer, the IBM-650, was discovered in Boston, USA, in late 1954. The IBM-650 was the most popular computer of the first generation. There were also Mark II, ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, etc. At first, these computers were used to create machine language programs. Then in 1952-1954, the assembly language program was created.
Features of first-generation computer:
1. Vacuum tubes were used in 1st generation computers.
2. Different types of electrical circuits were used.
3. The size was much larger.
4. Its speed was slow.
5. Input-output was done through punchcard.
6. Instructions were given in machine language.
7. Magnetic drums were used as memory.
Second-generation computer William B. in 1948 at the Bell Laboratory in America. Shackley, John Badin, and H. Britten jointly made the transistor. And these transistors revolutionized the development of computers. After the invention of transistors, transistors were used in computers instead of vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers would not be hot. High-level programming languages were first used in second-generation computers. Namely – ALGOL, COBOL, FORTRAN, etc.
Examples of second generation computers: IBM-1401, CDC1604, RCA-301, BCR 300, GE 200 HONEY WELL 200, 1600, IBM 1620 etc.
Features of second-generation computer:
1. Transistors are used.
2. Magnetic disks are used as the magnetic core or memory and auxiliary memory.
3. Introduces the use of high-quality input-output systems and the use of high-speed computers.
4. High-quality language or computer language is used excluding machine language. E.g. ALGOL, FORTRAN, COBOL, etc.
5. High level of reliability.
6. Arrangements for sending data through the use of telephone lines.
7. Start using commuters in real life.
Third-generation computers Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce invented the method of shortening almost the same large type of circuit. The short circuit created in this way is called Integrated Circuit or IC. I am used in today’s generation of computers. So the price and size of today’s computer are less. But the speed is much higher.
In this generation, the use of mini-computer has increased a lot. This is the generation that started using monitors with computers. It is easier to master programming in language development on third-generation computers using operating systems. The introduction of printers started from this generation of computers.
Examples of third-generation computers: PDP-II, PDP-8, IBM 360, IBM 670, etc.
Features of third generation computer:
1. Smaller in size, increase in capacity, and lower in price.
2. Introduction of integrated circuit or IC in computer.
3. Start using the video display unit as output.
4. The line printer began to be used in printed form.
5. Widespread use of higher languages begins.
6. Mini computer is introduced.
7. The use of semiconductor memory begins.
4th -generation computer It is believed that the fourth generation started in 1971. This generation of computers is made with VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) and LSI (Large Scale Integration) semiconductor memory and microprocessor. A computer made with VLSI’s microprocessor is a microcomputer. In 1971, John Blanken Baker of the United States built the first microcomputer called the Ken back. Then in 198, the microcomputer took full shape.
IBM Company first started making microcomputers for commercial purposes in 1981. The use of microcomputers started in the 4th generation. The size of the computer is small. But the speed of the computer’s work increases a lot. Different types of memories are invented in this generation of computers. For example ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM, PROM. C programming, Windows, Unix Operating System This is the fourth generation computer.
Examples of fourth-generation computers: What is computer definition
IBM 3033, IBM 4300, IBM S / 36, SHARP PC, PENTIUM 1-4, APPLE II etc.
Features of fourth-generation computer:
1. Use of multidimensional electronic devices and microprocessors.
2. Use of artificial intelligence.
3. Use of optical fiber in a transistor.
4. Magnetic bubble memory or advanced type of memory.
5. Measures like understanding the instructions given through the human voice.
6. Development of Super Computer.
7. Extensive improvement in data retention capacity.
8. Use of extremely powerful and high-speed microprocessor.
Fifth Generation Computer or Current Computer (2011 to present)
Fifth-generation computers are much more powerful than fourth-generation computers. This computer will consist of Super VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) chip and optical fiber.Research is underway to make the fifth-generation work with a large amount of data storage capacity and a massively powerful microprocessor. Currently, 4th generation computers and 5th generation computers are being used.
Fifth-generation computers will have the ability to recognize human voices. There will also be the ability to understand the instructions given in the voice. The network has been strengthened in this fifth-generation computer.
Features of fifth- Generation computer:
Below are the features of the fifth- generation computer : Computer definition
1. Use of more powerful microprocessors.
2. Use of optical fiber in circuit or IC.
3. Development in Super Computer
4. Artificial intelligence will be completed.
5. Super VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) Chip
6. KIPS (Knowledge Information Processing System)
7. Can make 10-15 crore logical decisions every second.
8. Will communicate through words. This allows the computer to hear and speak.
9. Artificial intelligence allows you to store experience and make decisions.
10. At last, be able to receive data from visual input or images.